Tin is the glue of the technology revolution, with just under 40% of all tin consumed as solder in semiconductors and electronic circuitry. Well-known applications include containers and traditional lead-acid batteries.

Tantalum is a critical material for high-performance applications. Global production is relatively small and limited to a few key regions and producers. The regional distribution of tantalum production is currently in significant flux.

Lithium has many uses, from ceramics/glass and lubricating grease to metallurgical polymers and pharmaceutical drugs. However, its use in batteries, especially batteries for electric vehicles and large stationary storage applications, is driving growth.